apo nak dikato

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Arkib bagi Bulan Mei 2008

Qadha’ dan Qadar

DIkirim oleh muhammadghazi di Mei 30, 2008

“Setiap diri bertanggungjawab atas apa yang telah diperbuatnya”

Al-Mudaththir [74]: 38

Perbincangan berkenaan persoalan qadha’ dan qadar telah berlangsung sejak sekian lama di kalangan umat Islam. Dalam membahaskan persoalan ini, terdapat beberapa golongan yang berselisih pendapat antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Antaranya ialah kelompok Ahli Sunnah, Muktazilah, Jabariyah, dan juga Qadariyah.

Secara ringkasnya, kesemua kelompok/golongan tersebut membahaskan tentang “siapa” yang melakukan sesuatu perbuatan. Adakah manusia dipaksa melakukan perbuatan baik dan buruk, atau kita diberi kebebasan untuk memilih? Adakah manusia diberikan pilihan sama ada hendak melakukan sesuatu ataupun meninggalkannya?

Asal-usul Pembahasan Qadha’ dan Qadar dalam rentetan sejarah Islam

Persoalan berkenaan “siapa”kah yang melakukan perbuatan itu tidak pernah dibangkitkan ketika zaman Rasulullah saw. Umat Islam ketika itu menerima setiap suatu yang disampaikan oleh baginda saw dengan penuh ketaatan. Segalanya bermula tatkala wilayah umat Islam berkembang luas melalui jihad futuhat dan masuk ke kawasan yang sebelum itu dikuasai oleh empayar Rom dan Parsi. Dengan masuknya Islam ke kawasan-kawasan tersebut, umat Islam telah diperkenalkan dengan pemikiran-pemikiran yang telah sedia ada dalam masyarakat setempat. Maka terjadilah pertembungan antara fikrah Islam dan juga pemikiran tersebut. Para ilmuan Islam telah mengkaji pemikiran-pemikiran asing ini dengan tujuan untuk menewaskannya dan membersihkan umat daripada pemikiran yang menyimpang itu. Malangnya, terdapat sebahagian daripada mereka terperangkap dan dipengaruhi pemikiran tersebut.

Inilah yang terjadi dalam persoalan qadha’ dan qadar. Pembahasan mengenai “siapa” yang melakukan perbuatan ini hakikatnya berasal daripada tamadun Yunani yang sememangnya terkenal dengan falsafah-falsafah yang berteraskan kaedah mantik. Setelah mengkaji falsafah-falsafah tersebut, akhirnya umat Islam turut serta terjerat dalam perbincangan ini lalu terlahirlah golongan-golongan seperti yang dinyatakan sebelum ini.

Perbuatan manusia – aspek yang dikuasai dan aspek yang di luar kekuasaan

Hakikatnya, perbuatan manusia itu terbahagi kepada dua aspek; iaitu aspek yang dikuasai manusia, dan juga aspek yang menguasai kita. Kita akan hanya dipertanggungjawabkan dalam perkara-perkara yang dikuasai sahaja, dan tidak akan dihitung dalam perkara-perkara yang tidak kita kuasai. Aspek-aspek yang menguasai kita dan di luar kemampuan kita adalah seperti ajal, jodoh, dan rezeki. Kesemua inilah yang dinamakan sebagai qadha’ (ketentuan) Allah.

Aspek yang di luar kekuasaan manusia terbahagi kepada dua;

Pertama: kejadian yang ditentukan oleh sunnatullah dan tidak mampu diubah oleh manusia. Contohnya, keterbatasan manusia (tidak boleh berjalan di atas air atau terbang tanpa bantuan teknologi); peredaran planet dan sebagainya.

Kedua: kejadian yang tidak terikat dengan Sunnatullah, namun tetap di luar kawalan manusia. Misalnya, pelajar yang telah bersedia sebaik mungkin untuk menghadapi peperiksaan baik dari segi pengetahuan dan kesihatannya, namun pada hari peperiksaan dia jatuh sakit dan tidak dapat menduduki peperiksaan tersebut.

Sedangkan qadar pula merujuk kepada khasiyat (sifat / ciri khas) yang ada pada sesuatu misalnya sifat api yang membakar dan kayu pula mempunyai sifat terbakar. Allah swt telah menetapkan khasiyat-khasiyat ini secara baku dan tidak berubah melainkan dengan izin-Nya. Pada diri manusia pula, telah ditetapkan khasiyat-khasiyat tertentu pada naluri manusia itu sendiri. Misalnya pada naluri melanjutkan keturunan (gharizatun nau’) telah diciptakan khasiyat dorongan seksual. Khasiyat-khasiyat ini adalah neutral, sedangkan yang menjadikan sesuatu perbuatan itu baik ataupun buruk ialah manusia itu sendiri, iaitu dengan cara dia memanfaatkan khasiyat tersebut. Khasiyat pisau yang memotong, boleh saja digunakan untuk menyembelih lembu ataupun digunakan untuk membunuh insan tanpa hak. Demikian juga dengan dorongan seksual, boleh dilunaskan secara sah melalui ikatan perkahwinan ataupun dibuat secara rambang dengan pelacur jalanan.

Kita beralih pula kepada aspek yang dikuasai manusia. Inilah yang sewajarnya diberikan penekanan, sama ada setiap perbuatan itu berlandaskan tuntutan syarak ataupun tidak. Sungguhpun manusia diberikan ruang untuk memilih dalam aspek ini, namun kebebasan tersebut bukanlah mutlak. Allah swt telah mengurniakan kita akal bagi menilai baik-buruk perbuatan. Namun, akal semata-mata tidak mampu untuk berbuat demikian tanpa bimbingan wahyu kerana sifatnya yang terbatas. Justeru, peranan akal yang sebenar bukanlah untuk memandai-mandai menggubal hukum. Sebaliknya ia berperanan dalam memahami hukum syarak dan memastikan setiap perbuatan kita selari dengannya. Firman Allah swt dalam surah as-Syams ayat 8; “maka Allah mengilhamkan kepada jiwa itu (jalan) kefasikan dan ketakwaannya,”.

Mengimani Qadha’ dan Qadar

Setiap individu Muslim wajib mengimani qadha’ dan qadar. Kita wajib mengimani bahawa setiap sesuatu yang di luar kemampuan kita itu datang daripada ketetapan Allah swt, dan kita redha terhadapnya biarpun ia dilihat merugikan ataupun buruk di mata manusia. Manusia tidak berhak untuk mempertikaikannya kerana hanya Allah sahajalah yang mengetahui hakikat baik dan buruknya sesuatu ketetapan-Nya.

Seorang mukmin sejati yang memahami qadha’ dan qadar, hakikat nikmat akal, dan ruang untuk membuat pilihan (dalam ruang lingkup yang dibenarkan), pasti akan sentiasa waspada dan takut kepada Allah swt. Dia akan sentiasa melaksanakan perintah-Nya dan menjauhi larangan-Nya demi mencapai keredhaan-Nya tanpa sedikitpun meragui keadilan Penciptanya.

Rujukan:

1. Al-Quranul Karim

2. Peraturan Hidup dalam Islam, Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani.

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Penahanan Raja Petra Kamaruddin

DIkirim oleh muhammadghazi di Mei 9, 2008

Penahanan Raja Petra Kamaruddin

Raja Petra Raja Kamaruddin, or known as RPK is one of the bloggers who is brave enough to speak up. Even though I’m quite relatively new to his blog and the website, but I believe that this fellow has done a whole great deal in trying to tell the truth. No Holds Barred, he really means it. But all this doesn’t come without a price to pay for.

I may not agree much to his opinions (in fact, a few of them are contradictory to my opinion and beliefs), and sometimes I wondered, ‘how come he knew all these information that he wrote about?’ but I still respect him nevertheless. He was fulfilling the fardu kifayah where many find it hard to do so.

Some might regard him as a ‘deviant’ Muslim, but who are we to judge him? We are not here to judge others. Let that be the matter between God and himself. But please don’t get me wrong. It’s not that I believe that religion is only a personal matter, but what I’m trying to say is that we cannot label people easily. Even the Prophet Muhammad doesn’t label the munafiqun as munafik (hypocrite) though he knew it. Who are we to do label other Muslims as kafir, or even munafik? This action (i.e. labeling people such and such) is counter-productive and does not have any benefit. What we should do is to try to spread the true Islamic teaching and also try our best to correct the mistakes that had been done. Labeling won’t help.

I don’t know much about the truth of what he told in his blog, neither am I in a right position to make the judgment. I’m not against RPK, neither do I sided with him. But I held dearly to the principles of “innocent until proven guilty”.

Lessons learned

I have learned and re-learned some things from this incident.

  1. We must be careful and responsible with whatever we are doing. All the things that we do, or everything that we say and wrote, can be held accountable and also might be used against us. We must prepare ourselves for any possible consequences of what we’ve done. But I can assure you that every Muslim should not have any problem with it. Because, we believed that each and every single thing that we do in this world is accountable in the Afterlife. That’s why Islam is not compatible with the principles of freedom of speech. Because freedom without responsibility is unacceptable. And the measure of freedom and responsibility does not arise from human mind, but it’s based on the Syara’. That explains, for example, why Muslims are very angered when the Cartoons insulting Prophet Muhammad were released. This doesn’t mean Islam oppresses anybody from speaking up, but one must make sure that it comes with responsibility and respect of sensitivity (this matter will be further discussed in another article, insya Allah).

  1. Man-made laws are flawed, biased and can be easily manipulated by those who have the authority. Particularly in this case, according to Mr. Karpal, RPK’s arrest is unnecessary because it can be done as a civil suit. I’m not so familiar with the law practiced in Malaysia (the common law particularly), so maybe I was wrong in interpreting Mr. Karpal’s quote. But things happen. This is only the tip of the iceberg. It’s about the time for all of us to reject the man-made law, and return to the Shariah law which is guided by God’s word and Prophet’s traditions. The law that is not biased and there is no flaw. God created us as well as the whole universe; of course He knows what’s best for us.

  1. We must stand up and voice out against the munkar. We should never fear any reaction and intimidation that might follow as the result of our action. We should not neglect the duty of amar makruf and nahi munkar, which also include muhasabah to the ruler, even the tyrant one.

“The leader of the martyrs is Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib, and those who account the tyrant ruler and get murdered” Hadis

[I’m sorry that I cannot recall the exact wordings (matan) and the source persons (sanad) properly. Anybody who knows, please kindly inform me, I would appreciate it.]

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Issues between Muslims and Non-Muslims

DIkirim oleh muhammadghazi di Mei 5, 2008

There are quite a numbers of issues that have been debated or discussed among the scholars and also people from all walks of life regarding relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims. Some of them turned out to be fiery, whilst others were viewed negatively. There were also some misconception or ‘being misconceived intentionally’ by some. There were numbers of Muslim scholars who were honestly defending and also trying to give explanation to clear out any of these misconceptions. However, it seemed that most of them ended up trapped and becoming defensive apologetic, as if the deen was being brought to the court to be judged and they were the defendants on behalf of this religion. This is not the right manner to answer their doubts or allegations.

I would like to list some of the issues, of which will be further discussed later. However, please take note that everything that I posted was based on my intellectual capabilities to understand the knowledge and teachings of Islam. I have tried my best to look for the most correct, comprehensive, and best explanation available from Islamic sources. However, if I happened to make mistake, please do correct me. Your kind help will be fully appreciated. I would also like to read comments from you (Muslims or non-Muslim) regarding these issues. I hope that we will reach better understanding so that we can co-exist in harmony without abandoning our obligations toward our religion.

1.  Misconceptions and misinterpretation of Islam.

2. The conversion of religion.

3. Islamic view towards principle of freedom (freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of ownership, and personal freedom).

4. Islamic state.

5. The policy of Islamic State towards non-Muslim country.

6. The dhimmis in Islamic State and their rights.

7. Friendly discussion on proving the existence of God,  the truth of Al-Quran, and the proof of Muhammad’s prophethood.

8. Moderate Muslims? Radical Muslims?

9. Other relevant issues (feedbacks are welcomed).

I hope that further discussion will be in a proper manner, without any sarcasm, foul words, provocations, and lies. I also hope that the discussion will proceed in an intellectual manner, and not being influenced by irrational sentiments, hatred or prejudice.

This is not the end, it’s not even the beginning of the end. But perhaps, it is the end of beginning… (adapted from Churchill’s quote after El-Alamein)

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